Geothermal Energy Markets: Technologies and Products Worldwide
Apr 1, 2009
233 Pages - Pub ID: SB1926752
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Chapter 1: Executive Summary
Geothermal Energy Technologies
Geothermal Power Systems
Table 1-1: World Electricity Generated from Geothermal, 2008
Geothermal Power Systems Technologies
Dry Steam
Flash Steam
Binary Cycle
Flash -Binary Combined Cycle
Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Hot Dry Rock System
Hydrocarbon/Geothermal Co-Production
Geo-Pressure Systems
Geothermal Power Market Size
Figure 1-1: World Geothermal Electric Power Capacity, 2004-2008 (in megawatts)
Figure 1-2: World Geothermal Electric Power Capacity by Country, 2008 (in megawatts and percent)
Figure 1-3: World Geothermal Electric Power Generation, 2004-2008 (in millions of kilowatt hours)
Figure 1-4: World Geothermal Electric Power Generation by Country, 2008 (in millions of kilowatt hours and percent).
Geothermal Power Market Factors
Location and Accessibility of Resources
Technological Developments
Demand for Energy
Economic Factors
Table 1-2: U.S. Electricity Cost by Energy Source, 2008 (cost per kilowatt hours in cents)
Environmental Factors
Investment Climate
Government Policy and Incentives
Consumer Perceptions
Geothermal Energy Market Forecast
Figure 1-5: World Geothermal Electric Power Generation, 2009-2013 (in millions of kilowatt hours)
Figure 1-6: Value of Geothermal Electricity Generated, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
Direct Use Geothermal Systems
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Geothermal Heat Pump Market Size
Figure 1-7: World Geothermal Heat Pump Installed Base, 2004-2008 ('000 units)
Figure 1-8: World Geothermal Heat Pump Installed Base by Country, 2008 (percent share)
Geothermal Heat Pump Market Factors
Environmental Factors
Cost Factors
Government Policy and Incentives
Geothermal Heat Pump Market Forecast
Figure 1-9: World Geothermal Heat Pump Installed Base, 2009-2013 ('000 units)
Report Scope
Report Format
Report Methodology
Abbreviations
Table 1-3: Abbreviations Utilized in Report


Chapter 2: Geothermal Energy Technologies
Overview
History of Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Technologies
Geothermal Power Systems
Table 2-1: World Electricity Generated from Geothermal, 2008
Hydrothermal Reservoirs
Dry Steam
Figure 2-1: Dry Steam Geothermal Plant
Flash Steam
Figure 2-2: Flash Steam Geothermal Power Plant
Figure 2-3: Double-Flash Steam Geothermal Power Plant
Binary Cycle
Figure 2-4: Binary Cycle Geothermal Plant
Flash-Binary Combined Cycle
Selection of Conversion Technology
Advanced Conversion Technologies
Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Hot Dry Rock System
Hydrocarbon/Geothermal Co-Production
Geo-Pressure Systems
Direct Use Geothermal Systems
Figure 2-5: Direct Use Geothermal System
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Closed-Loop Horizontal
Figure 2-6: Closed-Loop Horizontal Geothermal Heat Pump System
Closed-Loop Vertical
Figure 2-7: Closed-Loop Vertical Geothermal Heat Pump System
Closed-Loop Pond/Lake
Figure 2-8: Closed-Loop Pond/Lake Geothermal Heat Pump System
Open-Loop System
Figure 2-9: Open-Loop Geothermal Heat Pump System
Direct Exchange Geothermal Heat Pumps
Advantages of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems
Traditional and Alternative Energy Technologies
Natural Gas
Fuel Conversion
Electricity Generation and Sustainability
Table 2-2: World Electricity Generated from Natural Gas, 2008
Table 2-3: World’s Proved Reserves of Natural Gas, 2008 (in trillions of cubic meters)
Environmental Impact
Coal
Fuel Conversion
Electricity Generation and Sustainability
Table 2-4: World Electricity Generated from Coal, 2008
Table 2-5: Top Five Producers of World Hard Coal, 2008 (in millions of tonnes)
Environmental Impact
Nuclear
Fuel Conversion
Electricity Generation and Sustainability
Table 2-6: World Electricity Generated from Nuclear, 2008
Environmental Impact
Hydroelectric
Electricity Generation and Sustainability
Table 2-7: World Electricity Generated from Hydroelectric, 2008
Environmental Impact
Wind
Electricity Generation and Sustainability
Table 2-8: World Electricity Generated from Wind, 2008
Environmental Impact
Solar
Electricity Generation and Sustainability
Table 2-9: World Electricity Generated from Solar, 2008
Environmental Impact
Advantages of Geothermal Energy
Reliable
Renewable
Clean
Domestic
Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy
Site Location and Exploration
Startup Cost
Solid Waste Generation and Corrosive Fluid Containment
Land Subsidence
Earthquake Induction


Chapter 3: Market Size and Growth
Overview
Geothermal Energy Market
Geothermal Power Market Size
Figure 3-1: World Geothermal Electric Power Capacity, 2004-2008 (in megawatts)
Figure 3-2: World Geothermal Electric Power Capacity by Country, 2008 (in megawatts and percent)
Figure 3-3: World Geothermal Electric Power Generation, 2004-2008 (in millions of kilowatt hours)
Figure 3-4: World Geothermal Electric Power Generation by Country, 2008 (in millions of kilowatt hours and percent).
United States
Figure 3-5: US Geothermal Electric Power Capacity, 2004-2008 (in megawatts)
Figure 3-6: US Geothermal Electric Power Generation, 2004-2008 (in millions of kilowatt hours)
Figure 3-7: US Geothermal Electric Power Capacity by State, 2008 (in megawatts and percent)
California
Other States
Table 3-1: World Geothermal Power Plants by Country, 2008
Philippines
Indonesia
Mexico
Italy
Japan
New Zealand
Iceland
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Geothermal Energy Market Factors
Location and Accessibility of Resources
Figure 3-8: Geothermal Natural Resources in the United States
Technological Developments
Table 3-2: U.S. Geothermal Energy Production Potential by State, 2008
Demand for Energy
Economic Factors
Table 3-3: U.S. Electricity Cost by Energy Source, 2008 (cost per kilowatt hours in cents)
Environmental Factors
Investment Climate
Government Policy and Incentives
Consumer Perceptions
Geothermal Power Market Forecast
Figure 3-9: World Geothermal Electric Power Generation, 2009-2013 (millions per kilowatt hours)
Figure 3-10: U.S. Geothermal Electric Power Generation, 2009-2013 (millions per kilowatt hours)
United States
Table 3-4: U.S. Geothermal Projects in Progress, by State, 2008
Figure 3-11: Value of Geothermal Electricity Generated, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
Philippines
Indonesia
Japan
New Zealand
Costa Rica
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Geothermal Heat Pump Market Size
Figure 3-12: World Geothermal Heat Pump Installed Base, 2004-2008 ('000 units)
Figure 3-13: World Geothermal Heat Pump Installed Base by Country, 2008 (percent share)
Figure 3-14: U.S. Geothermal Heat Pump Shipments, 2004-2008 ('000 units)
Figure 3-15: U.S. Geothermal Heat Pump Installed Base, 2004-2008 ('000 units)
Figure 3-16: U.S. GHP Shipments Total Rated Capacity, 2004-2008 ('000 tons)
Geothermal Heat Pump Market Factors
Environmental Factors
Cost Factors
Government Policy and Incentives
Geothermal Heat Pump Market Forecast
Figure 3-17: World Geothermal Heat Pump Installed Base, 2009-2013 ('000 units)
Figure 3-18: U.S. Geothermal Heat Pump Installed Base, 2009-2013 ('000 units)
Table 3-5: Projected U.S. Sales of Geothermal Heat Pumps, 2009-2013 (in millions of dollars)
Figure 3-19: Global Installed Value of Geothermal Heat Pumps, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars)
Geothermal Energy Equipment Manufacturers
Table 3-6: World Geothermal Equipment Manufacturers, 2008


Chapter 4: Market Trends
Geothermal Power Systems Market Forces
Macroeconomic Conditions
Table 4-1: World Output Growth, 2007-2010 (percent year over year)
Investment Climate
Cost Factors
Table 4-2: Electric Power Plant Costs, by Fuel Type, 2008 (in dollars/kilowatt of plant capacity)
Table 4-3: Levelized Electricity Costs, by Fuel Type, 2008 (ยข/kilowatt hours)
Environmental Trends
Table 4-4: Average Electric Power Plant Emission Rates by Fuel Source, 2008 (in pounds/megawatt hours)*
Government Mandated Emissions Standards
Energy Security
Economic Benefits
Government Incentives
Government Mandated Renewable Energy Targets
Table 4-5: Renewable Portfolio Standards for Selected Countries, 2008 (percent)
United States
Table 4-6: US Renewable Portfolio Standards by State, 2008 (percent)
Philippines
Indonesia
Australia
European Union Renewable Energy Directive
Table 4-7: Contribution of Renewables to EU Electricity Consumption, 2005-2020 (in terrawatt hours)
Geothermal Power Demand
Electricity Demand
Figure 4-1 World Electricity Generation, 2005-2015 (in trillions of kilowatt hours)
Figure 4-2 World Electricity Generation, by Fuel Type, 2005-2015 (in trillions of kilowatt hours)
Geothermal Power Supply
Figure 4-3 World Geothermal Electric Power Generation Volume and Value, 2008-2013 (in millions of kilowatt hours and millions of dollars)
Figure 4-4 U.S. Geothermal Electric Power Generation Volume and Value, 2008-2013 (in millions of kilowatt hours and millions of dollars)
Geothermal Heat Pumps Market Forces
Macroeconomic Conditions
Table 4-8: Value of U.S. Construction by Segment, 2007 to 2008 (in billions of dollars)
Figure 4-5 U.S. Building Permits and GHP Shipments, 2004-2008 (relative change)
Cost Factors
Environmental Trends
Energy Security
Figure 4-6 Energy Consumption of GHPs (relative consumption)
Economic Benefits
Government Incentives
United States
Canada
Geothermal Heat Pump Demand
Figure 4-7: World GHP Installed Base Volume and Value, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars and ‘000 units)
Figure 4-8: U.S. GHP Installed Base Volume and Value, 2008-2013 (in millions of dollars and ‘000 units)


Chapter 5: Product and Industry Trends
Overview
Market Factors
Technology Development
Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Hydrocarbon Co-Production
Modular Power Plant Design
Patent Activity
Technology Awards
Industry Activity
Recent Investment
Government Initiatives
United States
Indonesia
Philippines
Japan
Australia
Africa
Hungary
Portugal


Chapter 6: Competitive Profiles
Overview
Company Profiles
Calpine
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-1: Calpine Energy Generation Portfolio (capacity in megawatts)
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Chevron Corporation
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-2: Chevron’s Market and Segment Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
ClimateMaster
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-3: ClimateMaster’s Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Davenport Power, LLC
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-4: Davenport Power, LLC Geothermal Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
ECONAR GeoSystems, LLC
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-5: ECONAR’s Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Enel North America Incorporated
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-6: Enel North America, Inc. Portfolio for Geothermal
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Florida Heat Pump
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-7: FHP’s Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Fuji Electric Systems Company Limited
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-8: Fuji’s Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Table 6-9: Fuji’s Global Supply of Thermal and Geothermal Power Plants
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Geothermal Development Associates
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-10: Geothermal Development Associates Portfolio for Geothermal Consulting Services
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
MidAmerican Energy Holdings
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-11: MidAmerican Portfolio for Energy and Subsidiaries
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Limited
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-12: Mitsubishi’s Geothermal Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Company News
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Nevada Geothermal Power Incorporated
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-13: Nevada Geothermal Power Inc.'s Portfolio for Geothermal Energy
Performance
Figure 6-1: Nevada Geothermal Power Inc. Project Locations
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Northern California Power Agency
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-14: Northern California Power Agency’s Energy Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Nuovo Pignone
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Ormat Technologies Incorporated
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-15: Ormat’s Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Sierra Geothermal Power Corporation
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-16: Sierra Geothermal Power Corporation’s Energy Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
Terra-Gen Power
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-17: Terra-Gen Power’s Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes
WaterFurnace International, Incorporated
Corporate Background
Product and Brand Portfolio
Table 6-18: WaterFurnace’s Product and Brand Portfolio
Performance
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Innovation
Outlook
Personnel Changes


Appendix: Glossary of Terminology
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