Biofuels Global Market: Opportunities, Emerging Technologies and Production

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Executive Summary

Outlook for Biofuel Consumption

Figure 1-1: Global Share of Energy Consumption by Source, 2009 vs. 2014

Table 1-1: Bioenergy Supply, by Region, 2006, 2009 and 2014 (GwH)

External Factors Affect Growth of Biofuels

Food Prices Fuel Biomass Debate

United States Remains Hotbed of Biomass Activity

Biofuel Technology Research

Global Market Values

Table 1-2: Global Market Values of Biofuel and Bioenergy (Organic and Technology) Manufacturing, by Country, 2009 and 2014 (in $ millions)

Table 1-3: U.S. Market Value of Biomass Manufacturing, Organic and Technology, 2006 to 2009

Shipments of Organic Biomass Feedstocks

Table 1-4: U.S. Export Value of Wheat, by Country, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands)

Imports of Organic Biomass

U.S. Shipments of Biomass Conversion Technology Components

Table 1-5: U.S. Shipment Value of Biomass Conversion Technology Components, 2004 to 2009 (in $ millions)

Table 1-6: U.S. Market Value of Biomass Conversion Technology Components, 2004 to 2009 (in $ millions)

U.S. Backs Biofuel Innovations

Federal Funding Fuels Innovation

Innovations in Biorefineries

Innovations in Biofuel Processing

Biofuel Energy Policy Fuels Debate

Biofuel’s Effect on Food Prices

Biofuels Lobbying Efforts

Global Policies toward Biofuels

Market Value Forecast Through 2014

Figure 1-2: Share of Global Market Value for Biofuel and Bioenergy Manufacturing by Country, 2009 and 2014

Chapter 2: Introduction and Overview

Report Scope

Methodology

Terminology

Table 2-1: Biomass Power Technologies

Future Biomass Conversion Technologies

Table 2-2: Future U.S. Biomass Conversion Technology Research Projects

First- and Second-Generation Liquid Biofuels

Ethanol Production Processes

Table 2-3: Energy use and Net Energy Value per Gallon Dry vs. Wet Milling Processes (BTUs per gallon)

Biomass Feedstocks

Chapter 3: World Bioenergy Activities & Technologies

Table 3-1: World Consumption of Energy, by Energy Types and Country Group, 2002, 2009 and 2014 (in quadrillion BTUs)

Figure 3-1: Global Share of Energy Consumption, by Source, 2009 vs. 2014

Table 3-2: U.S. Renewable Energy Consumption, by Source, 2008, 2009 and 2014 (trillion BTU)

Table 3-3: U.S. Renewable Energy Capacity and Electricity Generation, by Source, 2009 and 2014

Table 3-4: Electricity Generation Capacity, by Source and Region, 2009 and 2014 (GwH)

Table 3-5: Electricity Generation Capacity, by Source in France, 2009 and 2014 (GwH)

Table 3-6: Electricity Generation Capacity, by Source in China, 2009 and 2014 (GwH)

Table 3-7: Electricity Generation Capacity, by Source in India, 2009 and 2014 (GwH)

Table 3-8: Electricity Generation Capacity, by Source in Brazil, 2009 and 2014 (GwH)

Table 3-9: Bioenergy Supply, by Region, 2006, 2009 and 2014 (GwH)

Table 3-10: Bioenergy Production, by Country, 2006, 2009 and 2014 (GwH)

External Factors Affect Growth of Biofuels

Table 3-11: Consumption of Bioenergy Supply, by Region, 2006, 2009 and 2014 (GwH)

Table 3-12: Percent of Domestically Produced Bioenergy Consumed, by Region, 2006, 2009 and 2014

Figure 3-2: Percent of Domestically Produced Bioenergy Consumed, 2006, 2009, and 2014

Food Prices Fuel Biomass Debate

Figure 3-3: U.S. Producer Price Index of Biomass Conversion Components, 2004-2014

United States Remains Hotbed of Biomass Activity

Table 3-13: U.S. Renewable Energy Consumption, by Sector and Source, 2009 and 2014 (in quadrillion BTUs)

Table 3-14: U.S. Production of Electricity from Biomass and Other Renewable Sources, by Region, 2009 (MwH)

Figure 3-4: Share of Electricity Produced from Biomass to Other Renewable Sources, by U.S. Region, 2009 and 2014

Table 3-15: U.S. Production of Electricity from Biomass and Other Renewable Sources, by Region, 2014 (MwH)

Table 3-16: Operational Biorefineries, by State, 2009

Table 3-17: State Biorefinery Generation Capacity, 2009 and 2014 (MwH)

Figure 3-5: U.S. Biomass Plant Capacity, 2002 to 2014 (MwH)

Biofuel Technology Research

Table 3-18: Average Expenditures on Energy Research and Development, by IEA Nations, 2000 and 2005 with Projections by SBI for 2009 and 2014 (in $ millions)

Reduction of Greenhouse Gases

Figure 3-6: U.S. Emissions of Carbon Dioxide, 2009 and 2014 (in billions of metric tons)

Table 3-19: World Carbon Dioxide Emissions, by Region (in millions of metric tons of CO2)

Chapter 4: World Biomass Market Trends

Table 4-1: Global Market Values of Biofuel and Bioenergy (Organic and Technology) Manufacturing, by Country, 2009 and 2014 (in $ millions)

Figure 4-1: Compound Annual Growth Rate of Biofuel and Bioenergy Conversion (Organic and Technology Segments), by Country, 2009 to 2014

Table 4-2: Global Liquid Ethanol Production, by Country or Region, 2007, 2009 and 2014 (millions of gallons)

Table 4-3: Global Liquid Biodiesel Capacity, by Country, 2002, 2009 and 2014 (in millions of gallons)

Table 4-4: Production of Mill Residue, by State, 2009 and 2014 (thousands of dry tons)

Table 4-5: U.S. Market Value of Biomass Manufacturing, Organic and Technology, 2006 to 2009

Shipments of Organic Biomass Feedstocks

Table 4-6: U.S. Imports of Ethanol, by Country of Origin, 2007 to 2014 (in millions of gallons)

Table 4-7: U.S. Ethanol Production Capacity, by Type of Feedstock, 2009 and 2014 (in millions of gallons)

Table 4-8: U.S. Production of Corn and its Share Used for Ethanol Conversion, 2009 to 2014

Table 4-9: U.S. Export Value of Feedstocks Used for Bioenergy and Liquid Biofuel Manufacturing, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands)

Table 4-10: U.S. Export Value of Wheat, by Country, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands)

Table 4-11: U.S. Export Value of Corn, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands)

Biodiesel Trade Market in Flux

Table 4-12: Biodiesel Imports, by Region, 2008 to 2014 (in million gallons)

Table 4-13: Biodiesel Exports, by Region, 2008 to 2014 (in million gallons)

Table 4-14: U.S. Exports of Soybean Oil, by Country, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands)

Imports of Organic Biomass

Table 4-15: U.S. Import Value of Organic Biomass Feedstocks for Biofuel Conversion, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands)

Table 4-16: U.S. Import Value of Corn, by Country, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands)

Table 4-17: U.S. Soybean Production and its Use for Biodiesel Production, 2009 to 2014

Table 4-18: U.S. Import Value of Oilseeds, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands)

U.S. Shipments of Biomass Conversion Technology Components

Table 4-19: U.S. Shipment Value of Biomass Conversion Technology Components, 2004 to 2009 (in $ millions)

Table 4-20: U.S. Market Value of Biomass Conversion Technology Components, 2004 to 2009 (in $ millions)

Figure 4-2: Biomass Conversion Technology Share of Shipment Value, 2004, 2009 and 2014

Imports of Technology Components

Figure 4-3: Share of Import Shipment Value, by Technology Component, 2004 and 2009

Table 4-21: U.S. Imports of Industrial Furnaces, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands)

Figure 4-4: U.S. Imports and Exports of Organic and Technology Components of Biomass Conversion, 2006 to 2014 (expressed as a percentage of total market value)

Biomass Conversion Technology Exports

Table 4-22: U.S. Export Value of Metal Tanks, by Country, 2004 to 2009 (e) (in $ thousands)

Table 4-23: U.S. Export Value of Metal Cans, by Country, 2004 to 2009 (e) (in $ thousands)

Table 4-24: U.S. Exports of Industrial Furnaces, 2004 and 2009 (in $ thousands) Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Stat-USA, USA Trade Online. Calculated and estimated by SBI

Market Value Forecast Through 2014

Figure 4-5: Share of Global Market Value for Biofuel and Bioenergy Manufacturing, by Country, 2009 and 2014

Table 4-25: U.S. Shipment Value of Organic Biomass Manufacturing, 2006, 2009 and 2014 (in $ millions)

Table 4-26: U.S. Market Value Forecast of Organic and Technology Components for Biomass Conversion, 2006, 2009 and 2014 (in $ millions)

Table 4-27: U.S. Shipment and Market Value of Biomass Conversion Technology Component Manufacturing, 2009 to 2014 (in $ millions)

Figure 4-6: U.S. Share of Market Value for Organic and Technology Components Used in Biomass Conversion, 2006, 2009, 2014

Chapter 5: Manufacturer Profiles

Archer Daniels Midland (ADM)

Corporate Background

Industry Segments

Oilseeds Processing

Corn Processing

Agricultural Services

Other

Table 5-1: ADM Revenue, by Industry Segment, 2007-2008

Figure 5-1: ADM’s 2008 Share of Revenues, by Division

Company News

Outlook

Personnel Changes

Bunge

Corporate Background

Industry Segments

Table 5-2: Bunge Revenue, by Industry Segment, 2007-2008

Company News

Outlook

CHS

Corporate Background

Industry Segments

Renewable Energy

Figure 5-2: CHS 2008 Share of Revenues, by Business Segment (in $ billions)

Company News

Outlook

Royal Dutch Shell

Corporate Background

Industry Segments

Table 5-3: Shell Revenues, by Business Segment, 2007-2008 (in $ billions)

Company News

Outlook

Foster Wheeler

Corporate Background

Industry Segments

Company News

Outlook

Wilmar

Corporate Background

Industry Segments

Outlook

Tenaska

Corporate Background

Industry Segments

Outlook

Chapter 6: Innovations in Biofuel Technology

U.S. Backs Biofuel Innovations

Diversity of Cellulosic Feedstocks

Federal Funding Fuels Innovation

DOE Funds Advanced Biofuels Projects

Innovations in Biorefineries

Table 6-1: Advanced Biorefinery Concepts

Whole Crop Biorefineries

Ligno Cellulosic Feedstock Biorefineries (LCFBR)

Green Biorefineries

Two Platform Concept Biorefinery (TPCBR)

Marine Biorefinery (MBR)

Thermo Chemical Biorefinery (TCBR)

Innovations in Biofuel Processing

Advances in Ethanol Separation Technologies

Germ and Fiber Separation

Enzymatic Dry Milling

Dry Fractionation

Ammonia Process in the Wet Mill

Continuous Membrane Reactor for Starch Hydrolysis

Alkali Wet Milling

High-Gravity Fermentation

Improved Yeast

Conversion of Pentose Sugars to Ethanol

Enzymes for Liquefaction and Saccharification

Enzymes to Reduce Sulfur Dioxide

Distillation Technology

Control Systems

Environmental Technologies

Biodiesel Derived From Tallow

Chapter 7: Consumers of Biofuels

Biofuel Energy Policy Fuels Debate

Table 7-1: Renewable Fuel Volume Requirements for RFS2, 2008-2022 (billion gallons)

Feedstock Implications

Legislation Favors E85 Production

Figure 7-1: U.S. Consumer Opinions About Biofuels (% who fully agree)

Biofuel’s Effect on Food Prices

Studies Point to Ethanol’s Effect on Food Prices

Biofuels Lobbying Efforts

Table 7-2: Top 25 Expenditures on Biofuel Lobbying in 2008, by Company or Group

Global Policies Toward Biofuels

European Union Changes Biofuel Composition

Japan Continues Import Strategy

India Ethanol Blends Fluctuate

China Steps Up Corn Ethanol Production

Appendix: Addresses of Selected Companies and Organizations

Abstract